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Maybe chess engines would be a bit more powerful (more intelligent) if zugzwangs (nullmoves) can be handled dynamically. Disabling it at UCI config still requires human
intelligence.

Then throw in quantum computers, but maybe algorithms and techniques are yet to be built for these type of machines which handles qubits.

Regarding the quote, engines don't understand the game, so they feel stupid? He doesn't understand how he loses, so he feels displeased? It's simple, engines don't need to understand the game to play better.

I think Magnus is saying that he feels displeased when he loses against a computer, he does not undestand the logic underneath. But he is quite respectful with computers, later on he speaks about AI, tablebases, pattern recognition... In a way that is very positive for acquiring knowledge for chess grandmasters. So, to sum up I think his approach to computer chess is in a positive way, although in some moments he is a kind of ironic.

even he did not have any change against my engine Tornado what is around 2800-2900 ELO

I would like to in a Human vs Computer match against Carlsen !